GASEOUS EMISSIONS: COMPOSITION, ECOLOGICAL AND TOXIC HAZARDS, TREATMENT METHODS. TECHNOLOGY FOR HANDLING TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

Abstract

This article examines the ecological and toxic hazards associated with gaseous emissions generated by industrial, transport, and technogenic sources. Particular attention is given to the chemical composition of
gaseous pollutants, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia,
volatile organic compounds, and highly toxic industrial gases. The study analyzes their impact on atmospheric processes such as the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog formation, and
acid precipitation, as well as their adverse effects on human health. Modern treatment and mitigation technologies are reviewed, including mechanical and chemical purifcation methods, adsorption and catalytic
oxidation, membrane and cryogenic separation, and biotechnological approaches using microorganisms and
microalgae. Special emphasis is placed on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology, green
chemistry principles, industrial ecology concepts, and life cycle assessment (LCA) as key tools for sustainable industrial development. The fndings highlight the importance of implementing innovative gaseous
emission management technologies to enhance environmental safety, resource effciency, and sustainable
industrial growth in Uzbekistan.