Abstrak

As globalization encourages cross-cultural interaction, comparative studies on modality have gained relevance for translation 
studies and intercultural communication. Translators working between English and Russian face unique challenges in 
conveying modal meanings accurately, as each language’s modal system is deeply rooted in its cultural norms. Comparative 
studies have become essential for identifying strategies that preserve the original tone and intent of modal expressions, 
particularly in contexts where misunderstanding could lead to social or professional consequences.